Python is the most versatile language, and it makes its presence almost in every area consisting of Web-development, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, GUI Application as nicely as Game Development.
Python affords a built-in library called pygame, which used to increase the game. Once we recognize the simple ideas of Python programming, we can use the pygame library to make games with alluring graphics, appropriate animation, and sound.
Pygame is a cross-platform library that is used to diagram video games. It includes computer images and sound libraries to supply the fashionable recreation trip to the user.
It is developed by means of Pete Shinners to substitute PySDL.
Prerequisites for Pygame
To learn the pygame, we need to have an appreciation of Python programming language.
Installing Pygame
Open command-line terminal and kind the following command to install pygame.
pip install pygame
We can also set up it through IDE. For similarly installation guide, visit our whole pygame tutorial (https://www.javatpoint.com/pygame). Here you will locate all the necessary pygame explanations.
Simple Pygame Example
Here is the following instance of developing a easy pygame window.
import pygame
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((400,500))
done = False
while not done:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
done = True
pygame.display.flip()
Output:
All graphics will draw in the pygame window.
Let’s apprehend the fundamental syntax of the above program.
import pygame – It is the module which permits us to work with all feature of pygame.
pygame.init() – It is used to initialize all the required modules of the pygame.
pygame.display.set_mode((width, height)) – It is used to resized the window size. It will return the surface object. The surface object is used to perform graphical operations.
pygame.event.get() – It makes the event queue empty. If we do not name it, the window messages will begin to pile up and, the recreation will end up unresponsive in the opinion of the working system.
pygame.QUIT – It is used to disregard the match when we click on on the go button at the nook of the window.
pygame.display.flip() – It is used to mirror any update to the game. If we make any exchange then we need to call the display.flip() function.
We can draw any structure to the pygame floor consists of adding images, alluring font. Pygame affords many built-in features to draw the geometrical form to the screen. These shapes are preliminary stage of growing a game.
Let’s recognize the following example of form drawing to the screen.
Example –
import pygame
from math import pi
pygame.init()
# size variable is using for set screen size
size = [400, 300]
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
pygame.display.set_caption("Example program to draw geometry")
# done variable is using as flag
done = False
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
while not done:
# clock.tick() limits the while loop to a max of 10 times per second.
clock.tick(10)
for event in pygame.event.get(): # User did something
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # If user clicked on close symbol
done = True # done variable that we are complete, so we exit this loop
# All drawing code occurs after the for loop and but
# inside the main while done==False loop.
# Clear the default screen background and set the white screen background
screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
# Draw on the screen a green line which is 5 pixels wide.
pygame.draw.line(screen, (0, 255, 0), [0, 0], [50, 30], 5)
# Draw on the screen a green line which is 5 pixels wide.
pygame.draw.lines(screen, (0, 0, 0), False, [[0, 80], [50, 90], [200, 80], [220, 30]], 5)
# Draw a rectangle outline
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 0, 0), [75, 10, 50, 20], 2)
# Draw a solid rectangle
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 0, 0), [150, 10, 50, 20])
# This draw an ellipse outline, using a rectangle as the outside boundaries
pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, (255, 0, 0), [225, 10, 50, 20], 2)
# This draw a solid ellipse, using a rectangle as the outside boundaries
pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, (255, 0, 0), [300, 10, 50, 20])
# Draw a triangle using the polygon function
pygame.draw.polygon(screen, (0, 0, 0), [[100, 100], [0, 200], [200, 200]], 5)
# This draw a circle
pygame.draw.circle(screen, (0, 0, 255), [60, 250], 40)
# This draw an arc
pygame.draw.arc(screen, (0, 0, 0), [210, 75, 150, 125], 0, pi / 2, 2)
# This function must write after all the other drawing commands.
pygame.display.flip()
# Quite the execution when clicking on close
pygame.quit()
Output:
Explanation –
In the above example, we have drawn different shapes such as triangle, straight-line, rectangle, ellipse, circle, arc, crammed circle, and oval. We have used the pygame.draw function according to the shape with suitable arguments.
Example – Developing Snake Game Using Pygame
Program –
# Snake Tutorial Using Pygame
import math
import random
import pygame
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
class cube(object):
rows = 20
w = 500
def __init__(self, start, dirnx=1, dirny=0, color=(255, 0, 0)):
self.pos = start
self.dirnx = 1
self.dirny = 0
self.color = color
def move(self, dirnx, dirny):
self.dirnx = dirnx
self.dirny = dirny
self.pos = (self.pos[0] + self.dirnx, self.pos[1] + self.dirny)
def draw(self, surface, eyes=False):
dis = self.w // self.rows
i = self.pos[0]
j = self.pos[1]
pygame.draw.rect(surface, self.color, (i * dis + 1, j * dis + 1, dis - 2, dis - 2))
if eyes:
centre = dis // 2
radius = 3
circleMiddle = (i * dis + centre - radius, j * dis + 8)
circleMiddle2 = (i * dis + dis - radius * 2, j * dis + 8)
pygame.draw.circle(surface, (0, 0, 0), circleMiddle, radius)
pygame.draw.circle(surface, (0, 0, 0), circleMiddle2, radius)
# This class is defined for snake design and its movement
class snake(object):
body = []
turns = {}
def __init__(self, color, pos):
self.color = color
self.head = cube(pos)
self.body.append(self.head)
self.dirnx = 0
self.dirny = 1
def move(self):
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
# It will manage the keys movement for the snake
for key in keys:
if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
self.dirnx = -1
self.dirny = 0
self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
elif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
self.dirnx = 1
self.dirny = 0
self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
elif keys[pygame.K_UP]:
self.dirnx = 0
self.dirny = -1
self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
elif keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
self.dirnx = 0
self.dirny = 1
self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
# Snake when hit the boundary wall
for i, c in enumerate(self.body):
p = c.pos[:]
if p in self.turns:
turn = self.turns[p]
c.move(turn[0], turn[1])
if i == len(self.body) - 1:
self.turns.pop(p)
else:
if c.dirnx == -1 and c.pos[0] <= 0:
c.pos = (c.rows - 1, c.pos[1])
elif c.dirnx == 1 and c.pos[0] >= c.rows - 1:
c.pos = (0, c.pos[1])
elif c.dirny == 1 and c.pos[1] >= c.rows - 1:
c.pos = (c.pos[0], 0)
elif c.dirny == -1 and c.pos[1] <= 0:
c.pos = (c.pos[0], c.rows - 1)
else:
c.move(c.dirnx, c.dirny)
def reset(self, pos):
self.head = cube(pos)
self.body = []
self.body.append(self.head)
self.turns = {}
self.dirnx = 0
self.dirny = 1
# It will add the new cube in snake tail after every successful score
def addCube(self):
tail = self.body[-1]
dx, dy = tail.dirnx, tail.dirny
if dx == 1 and dy == 0:
self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0] - 1, tail.pos[1])))
elif dx == -1 and dy == 0:
self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0] + 1, tail.pos[1])))
elif dx == 0 and dy == 1:
self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0], tail.pos[1] - 1)))
elif dx == 0 and dy == -1:
self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0], tail.pos[1] + 1)))
self.body[-1].dirnx = dx
self.body[-1].dirny = dy
def draw(self, surface):
for i, c in enumerate(self.body):
if i == 0:
c.draw(surface, True)
else:
c.draw(surface)
def drawGrid(w, rows, surface):
sizeBtwn = w // rows
x = 0
y = 0
for l in range(rows):
x = x + sizeBtwn
y = y + sizeBtwn
# draw grid line
pygame.draw.line(surface, (255, 255, 255), (x, 0), (x, w))
pygame.draw.line(surface, (255, 255, 255), (0, y), (w, y))
# This class define for draw game surface
def redrawWindow(surface):
global rows, width, s, snack
# This is used to grid surface
surface.fill((0, 0, 0))
s.draw(surface)
snack.draw(surface)
drawGrid(width, rows, surface)
pygame.display.update()
def randomSnack(rows, item):
positions = item.body
while True:
x = random.randrange(rows)
y = random.randrange(rows)
if len(list(filter(lambda z: z.pos == (x, y), positions))) > 0:
continue
else:
break
return (x, y)
# Using Tkinter function to display message
def message_box(subject, content):
root = tk.Tk()
root.attributes("-topmost", True)
root.withdraw()
messagebox.showinfo(subject, content)
try:
root.destroy()
except:
pass
# main() function
def main():
global width, rows, s, snack
width = 500
rows = 20
win = pygame.display.set_mode((width, width))
s = snake((255, 0, 0), (10, 10))
snack = cube(randomSnack(rows, s), color=(0, 255, 0))
flag = True
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
while flag:
pygame.time.delay(50)
clock.tick(10)
s.move()
if s.body[0].pos == snack.pos:
s.addCube()
snack = cube(randomSnack(rows, s), color=(0, 255, 0))
for x in range(len(s.body)):
if s.body[x].pos in list(map(lambda z: z.pos, s.body[x + 1:])):
print('Score: \n', len(s.body))
message_box('You Lost!\n', 'Play again...\n')
s.reset((10, 10))
break
redrawWindow(win)
pass
main()
Output:
If the snake touches itself then it will terminate the recreation and display the following message.
We can play once more by using clicking on the OK button. We can see our score in Pycharm terminal (We have used Pycharm IDE; you can use any Python IDE).
Copy the above code and paste it into your IDE and have fun. To apprehend the concepts of Pygame, go to our full pygame tutorial.